Wednesday, August 29, 2018

how to check ubuntu free memory

$ free -m
you see like the following:
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            985         661         191           1         132         185
Swap:             0           0           0


If you want memory usage and CPU consumption of each process:
$ top
or
$ htop
htop highlights information with color texts.


How to change timezone on Ubuntu 18.x

Check current timezone

$ timedatectl

Show available timezones

$ timedatectl list-timezone

Change timezone

$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Seoul


how to use ubuntu firewall (ufw) 우분투 방화벽 ufw사용하는 법

Warning: If you enable ufw, then the default rule might block everything including your remote terminal connection.

기본 규칙 확인하기

check the default rule

$ cat /etc/default/ufw


ufw상태확인

check ufw status :

$ sudo ufw status verbose


기본정책 설정하기 : 기본적으로 들어오는 패킷은 모두 막고, 서버에서 나가는 패킷은 모두 허용합니다.

set up default policies

$ sudo ufw default deny incoming
$ sudo ufw default allow outgoing


SSH연결 허용하기 (필수. 이 규칙이 없으면 원격터미널연결이 불가능해집니다.)

allow SSH connections (you need this rule to connect to your server via remote terminal program)

$ sudo ufw allow ssh
or allow port 22 (default ssh port = 22)
$ sudo ufw allow 22


UFW켜기

enable UFW

$ sudo ufw enable


UFW상태 확인

check ufw status

$ sudo ufw status verbose


HTTP허용하기

allow HTTP (if you need)

$ sudo ufw allow http
or
$ sudo ufw allow 80


HTTPS허용하기

allow HTTPS (if you need)

$ sudo ufw allow https
or
$ sudo ufw allow 443


포트범위 허용하기

allow specific port ranges (ex. 3000~3003 TCP port)

$ sudo ufw allow 3000:3003/tcp


IP주소 허용하기

allow specific IP address

$ sudo ufw allow from 11.12.13.14
IP & port allow rule:
$ sudo ufw allow from 11.12.13.14 to any port 22


서브넷 허용하기

allow subnets (ex. 11.12.13.1 ~ 11.12.13.254)

$ sudo ufw allow from 11.12.13.0/24


연결 막기

deny connections

$ sudo ufw deny ftp
or deny port 21
$ sudo ufw deny 21
or deny ip address
$ sudo ufw deny from 11.12.13.14


방화벽규칙번호 확인

list firewall rule number

$ sudo ufw status numbered


번호로 방화벽규칙 삭제

delete ufw rule by rule number (ex. delete ufw rule number 2)

$ sudo ufw delete 2


내용으로 방화벽규칙 삭제

delete ufw rule by actual rule

$ sudo ufw delete allow http


UFW방화벽 끄기

disable UFW firewall

$ sudo ufw disable


Vultr Tokyo sysbench performance benchmark result

vultr performance test result (Tokyo region)


1 vCPU@2.4GHz
1GB RAM
25GB SSD
1TB traffic
$5/month

sysbench CPU test : 298 events/s

sysbench memory : 2850MB/s

sysbench file I/O :
    read: 21.77MB/s
    write: 14.51MB/s

sysbench mysql
    read-only : 455 transactions/s, 7289 queries/s
    read-write : 149 transactions/s, 2988 queries/s
    write-only : 280.89 transactions/s, 1685 queries/s